R-genes require a high degree of regulation to maintain homeostatic transcript levels to mitigate off-target protein interactions ( Hammond-Kosack and Jones 1997). Plant R-genes are mediators of resistance to specific pathogens via effector triggered immunity, which results in the hypersensitive response and cell death ( Amil-Ruiz et al. While breeders have made progress in producing varieties with tolerance to some pathogens, growers remain dependent on exogenous crop protection strategies to reduce pathogen loads ( Cordova et al. Genetic disease resistance has been a long-standing breeding priority. 2015), as it is soft, moist, carbohydrate rich, and subject to damage from forces as seemingly innocuous as rain ( Herrington et al. The strawberry fruit presents a vulnerable target for microbial pathogens ( Farzaneh et al. However, marketable yields and post-harvest quality are significantly affected by disease. Strawberry, Disease Resistance, R-gene, eQTL, Subgenome Dominance, RenSeqĬultivated strawberry ( Fragaria ×ananassa) is an important specialty crop that is cultivated world-wide for its sweet and flavorful fruit.
![florida elyana dieases florida elyana dieases](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/164d166b0526d68e31d14f42c75f18ea37e2e1c9/3-Figure1-1.png)
These results give unprecedented insight into crop disease resistance genetics, and represent an advance toward exploiting variation for strawberry cultivar improvement. An octoploid strawberry capture-probe panel, derived from the results of this study, is validated in a RenSeq experiment and is presented for community use. R-gene sequencing using enriched libraries (RenSeq) has been used recently for R-gene discovery in many crops, however this technique somewhat relies upon a priori knowledge of desired sequences. ×ananassa R-genes was also determined via dN/ dS analysis. The mode and magnitude of natural selection of individual F. R-genes from the ancestral diploids Fragaria vesca and Fragaria iinumae were compared, revealing differential inheritance and retention of various octoploid R-gene subtypes. Octoploid fruit eQTL were identified for 76 putative R-genes. These include octoploid R-gene transcription profiling, dN/ dS analysis, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and RenSeq analysis in cultivars. This study characterizes the complete R-gene collection in the genomes of commercial octoploid strawberry and two diploid ancestral relatives, and introduces several new technological and data resources for strawberry disease resistance research. Recently-developed resources in strawberry, including a complete octoploid reference genome and high-resolution octoploid genotyping, enable new analyses in strawberry disease resistance genetics.
![florida elyana dieases florida elyana dieases](https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/730444/fgene-12-730444-HTML-r3/image_m/fgene-12-730444-t001.jpg)
Efforts to identify and introgress useful disease resistance genes (R-genes) in breeding programs are complicated by strawberry’s complex octoploid genome. Octoploid strawberry ( Fragaria ×ananassa) is a valuable specialty crop, but profitable production and availability are threatened by many pathogens.